Industrial symbiosis profiles in energy-intensive industries: Sectoral insights from open databases

Process industries are the foundation of European economy, transforming raw materials into building blocks for strategic products and applications in today's society. Such range from steel, cement, or minerals to chemicals such as lubricants wind turbines polymers that prevent waste logistic supply chains. The downside this industry is its high environmental impact regarding emissions, intensive use energy resources. One key strategies address challenges industrial symbiosis: various establish collective efforts find value while transitioning a more circular economy. This paper presents an exploratory analysis databases on IS case studies. We used standard classification economic activities (NACE) draw sector profiles most relevant energy-intensive industries: chemicals, coupled with urban synergies. majority synergies includes commonly shared streams being energy, water, carbon dioxide. cases ranked terms frequency, then classified topical groups finally, sustainability different categories discussed. outcome methodology frame assess symbiosis collections useful future exploring exploiting circularity projects public private organisations.